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Foundations of Evaluation for Planetary Health: Foundations of Evaluation for Planetary Health

Foundations of Evaluation for Planetary Health
Foundations of Evaluation for Planetary Health

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table of contents
  1. Abstract
  2. Acknowledgements
  3. About the Authors
    1. Astrid Brousselle
    2. Kai Mountfort
  4. Invitation
  5. Prologue: The Hummingbird Fable
  6. Introduction
    1. Earth Day Evaluation Declaration 2024
    2. Endnotes
  7. 1. Context Matters: Evaluation in the 21st Century
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Environmental and Social Depletion
    4. Reducing Risks
    5. Local Cultural Contexts
    6. Evaluation Takes Place in a Political Context
    7. Post-truth Influence as the New Propaganda
    8. Conclusion
    9. Endnotes
  8. 2. Evaluation for Planetary Health
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
    4. The Planetary Health Framework
    5. A Transformative Approach
    6. Conclusion
    7. Endnotes
  9. 3. The Planetary Health Rapid Impact Assessment Tool
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. The Planetary Health Rapid Impact Assessment Tool
    4. Conclusion
    5. Endnotes
  10. 4. Evaluation: Definitions, Approaches and Questions
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Definitions
    4. Evaluation Approaches
    5. When to Evaluate and for What Purpose?
    6. Evaluative Questions
    7. Conclusion
    8. Endnotes
  11. 5. Preparing for the Evaluation
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Evaluation Use and the Importance of Mapping the Context
    4. Drafting an Evaluation Plan
    5. Summary
    6. Conclusion
    7. Endnotes
  12. 6. Representing the Intervention
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. The Causal Model
    4. The Logic Model
    5. Use of Logic Models
    6. Different Visual Representations of the Intervention
    7. Conclusion
    8. Endnotes
  13. 7. Logic Analysis
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Foundations of Logic Analysis
    4. Types of Logic Analysis
    5. Steps for Conducting a Direct Logic Analysis
    6. Steps for Conducting a Reverse Logic Analysis
    7. Conclusion
    8. Endnotes
  14. 8. Effect Analysis and Related Approaches
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Defining Effects and Causal Relationship
    4. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
    5. Contribution Analysis
    6. Impact Evaluation
    7. Considering Planetary Health Dimensions when Evaluating Impacts
    8. Outcome Harvesting
    9. Conclusion
    10. Endnotes
  15. 9. Implementation Analysis
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. In the Literature
    4. Implementation Analysis Questions
    5. Evaluation Designs for Implementation Analysis
    6. Impacts on Planetary Health
    7. Conclusion
    8. Endnotes
  16. 10. Economic Evaluation
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Background
    4. Types of Economic Evaluations
    5. The Comparator
    6. Cost Calculation
    7. Time Horizon
    8. Uncertainty
    9. Decision Criteria
    10. Limitations of Existing Approaches
    11. A Proposal for Useful Economic Evaluations for Planetary Health
    12. Conclusion
    13. Endnotes
  17. 11. Needs Assessment
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Defining What is, What should be and For Whom
    4. Contextual Elements and Boundaries
    5. Ex-ante and Ex-post
    6. Other important Considerations
    7. Next Steps?
    8. A Political Exercise
    9. Summary
    10. Endnotes
  18. 12. Monitoring
    1. Highlights
    2. Introduction
    3. Focus
    4. Establishing a Monitoring System
    5. Reporting and Other Considerations
    6. Gaming and Other Behavioural Effects
    7. Conclusion
    8. Endnotes
  19. 13. An Example: Evaluating a Local Government Official Community Plan Using Planetary Health Lenses
    1. Introduction
    2. Characterizing the OCP Within the Context of the Planetary Health Framework
    3. Data Collection
    4. Findings
    5. Recommendations
    6. Conclusion
    7. Endnotes
  20. 14. Further Thoughts and Resources
    1. Endnotes
  21. Bibliography

Let me conclude with a little story […] I know you are very well informed, and you probably think, what can we do? I like to tell the story of the Hummingbird because, quite often, we feel overwhelmed.

This story of the hummingbird which I learnt from Japan, is the story of a forest that caught fire. And it was a huge fire. It was raging.

All the animals came out of the forest and stood by the edge of the forest. And they were watching the fire. They were very overwhelmed, they felt powerless, they felt like there was nothing they could do, because the problem was too much for them.

Except this little hummingbird. The hummingbird said: “I am going to do something about the fire.”

So, it flew to the nearest stream, took a drop of water, flew back and put it on the fire. Then, back again. It brought another drop of water and put it on the fire. And it kept going as fast as it could. Every time, bringing a drop of water and putting it on the fire!

In the meantime, all the animals are discouraging it, persuading it not to bother because it is too little. “You have a beak that is too little, you are bringing very little water!” And some of the animals that are talking like that are the elephants with big trunks which could bring much more water! But the hummingbird just kept doing what it knew best, without wasting any time.

And, to stop them when they said: “What do you think you are doing?”

The hummingbird said: “I am doing the best I can.”

For me, and I hope for you, that’s all we can do! Whoever we are, whatever we are, there is something in our lives that we can do, no matter how small it is. Collectively, it will make a difference! So, be a hummingbird in your community, wherever you are!

Words from Wangari Maathai, shared during a talk supported by the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), on March 12, 2007 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHtFM1XEXas).

Wangari Maathai was a Kenyan activist. She founded the Green Belt Movement, an environmental NGO dedicated to tree planting, conservation, and promoting women’s rights. In 2004, she received the Nobel Peace Prize

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This book is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. This means that you are free to share and build upon the material, so long as you give appropriate credit and indicate if changes are made. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Under this license, anyone who redistributes or modifies this book, in whole or in part, can do so for free providing they properly attribute the book as follows: Brousselle, A. (2026). Foundations of Evaluation for Planetary Health. Victoria, B.C. University of Victoria Libraries. Doi: https://doi.org/10.18357/9781550587364
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